The Effect of Conditioned Stimulus (Light Intensity) on...

The Effect of Conditioned Stimulus (Light Intensity) on Movement Ratio Innate or instinctive behaviors are thought to be inherited behavioral responses to a particular event or stimulus (e.g., modal action pattern). A reflexive response could be characterized as an involuntary response pertaining to a specific stimulus, for example dust irritating the nasal passageway eliciting a sneeze. The concept of the reflex was described in the works of Renà © Descartes who was influential in our understanding of involuntary behavior, and thought it was a commonality we shared with animals. These reflexive processes are thought to be evolutionary adaptations to one’s environment, some of these reflexive adaptations are apparent in infants such as the grasping reflexe and sucking reflex identified by Schott and Rossor (2003). Historically a prevailing view was that reflexive processes were fixed, however the work of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov demonstrated that this was not the case. In his research endeavors, Ivan Pavlov, a physiologist studying the process of digestion in dogs, uncovered what is now known as reflexive learning. In his studies of the process of digestion in dogs Pavlov observed that his laboratory dogs would salivate when their food was being prepared. This process of salivation occurred naturally and prior to learning and he identified it as an unconditional response. He furthered his observation by pairing the food with the implementation of the metronome (neutral stimulus)Show MoreRelatedAp Psychology Review Packet12425 Words   |  50 Pagesdetect a particular stimulus 50% of the time. 2.Accommodation:  the process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far images on the retina. 3.Acetylcholine:  neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning and memory. 4.Achievement Motivation:  desire for accomplishment. 5.Achievement Test:  an exam designed to test what a person has earned. 6.Acoustic Encoding:  encoding of sound, especially words. 7.Acquisition:  the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditionedRead MoreExercise Referral Foundation Course Assessment 2: Case Study Report13144 Words   |  53 Pageseffective exercise prescription usually consists of rhythmical continuous exercise that is low to moderate intensity (aerobic), thus having significant improvement upon the cardiovascular (CV) system (muscle pump/vascular and pulmonary function); in fact research suggests that this type of exercise can reduce SBP by up to 7mmHg. Wilkins (2006), moreover resistance exercise that is low into moderate intensity can also be adopted providing it is safe and effective for the individual. Table 1 shows the classificationRead MorePsychology the Nervous System Essay examples3305 Words   |  14 Pagesthe ear receives signals, these signals cause impulses to travel along the auditory nerve to the auditory cortex. And signals from the eye cause impulses to travel along the optic nerve to the visual cortex. Because of these anatomical differences, light and sound produce different sensations. b) The code in the nervous system that helps explain why a pinprick and kiss feel different is known as functional. These codes rely on the fact that sensory receptors and neurons fire or are inhibited fromRead MoreEffectiveness Of Placebo And Treatment3833 Words   |  16 Pagesdisagreement to the mechanism of pain relief. 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They included market share (assuming that the higher the market share of a firm, the higher its profitability); firm capital intensity (assuming that the more a firm is automated and up-to-date in technology and equipment, the more profitable it is); size of the firm in assets (assuming that economies of scale and efficiency can be used in large firms to increase profitability);Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagestheory analysis, contingency frameworks, performance measurement systems, and strategic cost management, which are considered from the perspective of chan ging concerns facing modern organizations and present-day management thought as well as in the light of some of their historical dimensions. Other chapters deal with newly emerging concerns in management accounting, including network relations, digitization, integrated cost management systems, knowledge management pursuits, and environmental managementRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagestasks in particular, IT professionals are still critically needed to perform important â€Å"in-house† IT roles. (These will be discussed further in Chapter 13.) BUSINESS/IT RELATIONSHIPS The importance of this type of IT resource was first brought to light in the mid1990s as packaged software systems and the Internet were catalysts for an increase in new IT investments (Ross et al., 1996). How well an organization uses joint IT-business decision making for making investments in a firm’s technology